Case Study: When Radiation Therapy Kills.

Chapter 4: Case Study: When radiation therapy kills. The concepts of ethics are illustrated in this chapter. Ethics is a concern of humans who have freedom of choice. Responsibility, accountability and liability are issues that are raised by radiation technology. In this case we see that the carelessness or laziness of the medical technician, the lack of training in the handling of the equipment (software), also of the maintenance of the updates of the software can cause the life a person. These errors cause by humans or machines can be prevented: if software had some type of safeguards that control the amount of radiation that they can deliver, if the technician or machine operators were more aware of the message errors, that appear on the screen, and if the hospitals had given the proper training to their staff. Technicians, hospital and the software manufacturer all need to collaborated with each other to create a common set of safety procedures, software features in order to prevent this to happen, all of them are responsible. Each of them had the capacity to prevent this type of things to happen and they all decide to blame each other for their own mistakes. The use of a central reporting agency could reduce the numbers of radiation therapy errors in the future because this enables the state to identify trends and exposures that may create safety concerns. If I were to design electronic software for a linear acceleration, I will certainly put some type of safeguards that control the amount of radiation that they can deliver, by this way trying to prevent the overdose of radiation. Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Graduate Program in Management Chapter 4: Case Study: When radiation therapy kills. Jayline Benitez Hernandez #46654 MGM 6560 – Management of Information Systems September 1, 2011

Dupage County Needs Assessment

Dupage County needs assessment U OM LTH C A E TUS ENT H A T ESM S S AS ITY N DUPAGE COUNT Y HEALTH DEPARTMENT Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday Community Health Status Assessment DuPage County Health Department 2010 Prepared By Mary Lally, RN, MPH Crystal Reingardt, MPH Peggy Iverson, BS Stacey Hoferka Jensen, MPH, MSIS Elizabeth Barajas, MPH Table of Contents Section 1 Leading Causes of Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Ten Leading Causes of Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crude Mortality Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Ten Leading Causes of Death by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Five Leading Causes of Death by Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Years of Potential Life Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birth Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistics. Mortality Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Immigrant Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment. Unemployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uninsured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 2-1 2-1 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-1 0 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-13 3-1 3-7 3-8 3-22 3-23 3-24 3-25 3-25 3-28 3-29 4-1 4-1 4-7 4-8 4-12 4-13 4-14 5-1 5-1 5-4 5-7 5-7 5-10 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-6 Section 2 Section 3 Chronic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diseases of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancer. Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stroke. Stroke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arthritis. Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diabetes. Diabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asthma. Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EndDisease. End-Stage Renal Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infecti Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VaccineVaccine-Preventable Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rabies . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4 Section 5 Maternal and Child Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infant Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors. Risk Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adolescent Pregnancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activity Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activity. Physical Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obesity. Overweight and Obesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FORWARD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6 Section 7 Environmental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste. Toxics and Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communities. Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infrastructure and Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foodborne Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mental Health Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ment al Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alzheimer ’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illicit Drug Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Injury and Violence Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unintentional Unintentional Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accidents. Motor Vehicle Accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drowning. Drowning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deaths. Firearm Related Injuries / Deaths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child Abuse and Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7-1 7-3 7-4 7-6 7-6 7-8 8-1 8-1 8-3 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-10 8-12 9-1 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 9-7 9-9 1010-1 1010-1 1010-2 1010-2 1010-4 1010-5 10-5 101010-8 1111-1 11-1 111111-2 1111-4 1111-5 1111-6 1111-6 Section Section 8 Section 9 10 Section 10 Minority Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity. Cause Specific Deaths by Race and Ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Five Leading Causes of Death by Race and YPLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor Vehicle Accidents, Homicides, and Suicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maternal and Infant Health Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access to Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preven tive Clinical Preventive Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ongoing Sources of Primary Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inadequate Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sentinel Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 11 Introduction In order to meet State requirements for health department re-certification, Illinois Administrative Code requires that every five years, each Local Health Department must assess the health needs of its community through a systematic process known as the Illinois Project for Local Assessment of Needs (IPLAN). IPLAN is grounded in the core functions of public health and ddresses public health practice standards. One of the required documents of the IPLAN process is a Community Health Status Assessment. The Community Health Status Assessment is intended to answer th e question, â€Å"What is the health status of the residents of DuPage County? † The results of this assessment will provide the IPLAN Steering Committee with an understanding of the community’s health status and ensure that the IPLAN priorities include specific health status issues. The Community Health Status Assessment is developed through the systematic analysis of health status data from primary and secondary sources.The following DuPage County Health Department Community Health Status Assessment is a compilation of data from these sources. The Institute of Medicine defines a community health profile as a set of health, demographic and socioeconomic indicators which are relevant to most communities. It is intended to provide a broad strategic view of the population’s health status, and the factors that influence health in the community. The IPLAN Steering Committee will use this document to identify and support approximately ten health status issues. Method ologyThe DuPage County Health Department has created this Community Health Status Assessment to identify specific health needs as part of the IPLAN process. Our intent is to develop an accurate, comprehensive picture of health status of DuPage County residents. Content areas covered focus on physical, mental and environmental health. This assessment will follow a structure similar to the U. S. Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) document, providing the most current data available, and indicating how DuPage County compares to the HP 2010 target whenever possible.Incidence, prevalence and trends are shown when available. Objectives without HP 2010 targets have been included where appropriate based on public health impact. Direct HP 2010 comparisons were not always available. Finding current, comparative data on specific health objectives consistently remains a challenge. Many data sources have been used in an attempt to provide accurate data for analysis. Data reliability must always be con sidered, as in some instances, occurrence of morbidity or mortality may be so low that a valid rate or percent cannot be calculated or, if calculated, would be meaningless.These occurrences are noted throughout the document. Data derived in the Community Health Profile is a compilation of many sources. Frequently when discussing national health statistics or trends, direct HP 2010 text was quoted. The IPLAN Data System was a primary source for Illinois and DuPage County specific indicators, as this system contains a wealth of data on births, mortality and chronic illnesses. Illinois Department of Public Health birth and death files were frequently used as a data source, along with sources from specific DuPage County Health Department service areas.Other data and information sources include Access DuPage, American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Psychiatric Association, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DuPage County Environmental Committee, DuPage County Sheriff’s Office, DuPage Federation on Human Services Reform, Family Shelter Services, Illinois Attorney General, Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, Illinois Department of Employment Security, Illinois Department of Public Health, Illinois Department of Transportation, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois State Board of Education, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Kaiser Family Foundation, National Adolescent Health Information Center, National Alliance on Mental Illness, National Cancer Institute, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, National Osteoporosis Foundation, National Safety Council, National Stroke Association, Nationally Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Safe Kids USA, SEER*Stat (Surveillance, Epidemiology an d End Results statistical software), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Suicide Prevention Resource Center, The Alan Guttmacher Institute, The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, U. S Census Bureau, U. S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, U. S. Department of Justice, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and World Health Organization. Section 1: Leading Causes of Death and Mortality in DuPage County A good place to begin our study of the health status of the population is by reviewing the leading causes of death in DuPage County residents. Presenting, ranking, and comparing leading causes of death data is a common method of showing mortality statistics, and is useful for illustrating the relative burden of disease-specific mortality.The DuPage County death data presented in this section were obtai ned from death files provided by the Illinois Department of Public Health. In 2006, there were 5,703 deaths in DuPage County and 102,122 deaths in Illinois (1). Ninety-four percent of DuPage deaths were White, three percent were Asian, and two and one half percent were Black. Three percent of DuPage deaths were Hispanic. Minority Health will be addressed in Section 10 of this Community Health Profile. See Table 1. 1 for a comparison of the 2006 Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County and Illinois (2)(3). See Table 1. 2 for the 2004 and 2005 Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County (2). Table 1. Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County with Illinois Comparison, 2006 DuPage County Rank Cause of Death All Causes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Illinois Number of Deaths 102,122 27,002 24,052 5,974 4,725 4,401 2,792 1 Number of Deaths 5,703 1,419 1,384 347 260 192 183 158 109 107 93 Percent of Deaths 100. 0 24. 9 24. 3 6. 1 4. 6 3. 4 3. 2 2. 8 1. 9 1. 8 1. 6 Percent of De aths 100. 0 26 24 6 5 4 3 1 Diseases of the Heart Cancer Cerebrovascular Disease Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Accidents Alzheimer’s Disease Pneumonia Diabetes Mellitus Nephritis and Nephrosis Septicemia 2,794 2,501 2,001 3 2 2 Pneumonia is not in the top ten leading causes of death in Illinois Source: Illinois Department of Public Health (2) (3) 1-1 Table 1. Top Ten Leading Causes of Death, DuPage County, 2004-2005 2004 Percent of 2005 DuPage Total DuPage Deaths Deaths Deaths All Causes 5,444 100. 0 5,761 Diseases of the Heart 1,326 24. 4 1,455 Cancer 1,395 25. 6 1,440 Cerebrovascular Disease 385 7. 1 388 Chronic Lower Respiratory 252 4. 6 274 Disease Accidents 208 3. 8 181 Pneumonia 137 2. 5 177 Alzheimer’s Disease 166 3. 0 179 Nephritis and Nephrosis 116 2. 1 138 Diabetes Mellitus 119 2. 2 116 Septicemia 102 1. 9 89 Source: Illinois Department of Public Health (2) Percent of Total Deaths 100. 0 25. 3 25. 0 6. 7 4. 8 3. 1 3. 1 3. 1 2. 4 2. 0 1. 5 Since 1908, Dise ases of the Heart has been the first or second leading cause of death in the United States (4).Since 1921, Diseases of the Heart has remained the number one cause of death (4). While DuPage County historical mortality data dating back to 1921 is unavailable, one can extrapolate national patterns to County mortality. The increase in 2004 total Cancer can be seen as an anomaly. The transposition between Diseases of the Heart and Cancer in 2004 should be monitored. Crude Mortality Rate Table 1. 3 Crude Mortality Rate, DuPage County and Illinois, 2000-2006 Year DuPage County Illinois 2000 617. 1 855. 8 2001 620. 6 840. 1 2002 616. 1 842. 9 2003 615. 6 829. 2 2004 586. 3 805. 0 2005 618. 0 812. 1 2006 611. 3 795. 8 Source: Illinois Department of Public Health (2) 1-2Crude Mortality Rate in DuPage County and Illinois 2000 – 2006 Rate per 100,000 Population 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Illinois 2005 2006 Year DuPage County Graph 1. 1 Source: Illinois Department o f Public Health (2) As can be seen from Graph 1. 1, between 2000 and 2006 the DuPage County and Illinois mortality rates remained relatively stable. The DuPage County crude death rate ranges from 586 deaths per 100,000 population to 620 deaths per 100,000 population. The Illinois mortality rate is higher and has a greater range than DuPage County. It ranges from 796 deaths per 100,000 population to 843 deaths per 100,000 population (2). Top Ten Leading Causes of Death by Gender Table 1. DuPage County Leading Causes of Death, All Ages by Gender, 2006 Male Female Rank Cause Number Rank Cause 1 Cancer 681 1 Heart Disease 2 Heart Disease 661 2 Cancer 3 Accidents 130 3 Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) 4 Cerebrovascular Disease 128 4 Chronic Obstructive (CVD) Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 5 Chronic Obstructive 99 5 Alzheimer Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 6 Pneumonitis 81 6 Pneumonitis 7 Diabetes 51 7 Accidents 8 Nephritis 47 8 Nephritis 9 Alzheimer 44 9 Diabetes 10 Septicemia 43 10 Septicemia Source: Illinois Department of Public Health (2) Number 758 703 219 161 139 77 62 60 58 50 1-3 Gender Differences The 2006 top ten leading causes of death are the same for oth males and females, though the ranking of causes varies by gender. The first and second cause of death for males is Cancer, followed by Heart Disease. This order is reversed for females. Accidents (Unintentional Injuries) are the third leading cause of death for males, but the seventh leading cause for women. This category includes motor vehicle accidents and any other unintentional injury death that occurs as a result of a fall, drowning, firearm or other accidental cause. In DuPage County, the number of male Accident deaths is more than twice the number of female Accident deaths, which is attributed primarily to higher numbers of male motor vehicle deaths.This discrepancy between male and female accident deaths is a trend that is also seen nationally (5). CVD and COPD are the fourth and fifth leading causes for males , but the third and fourth causes for women. Alzheimer’s disease is the fifth leading cause for women, but the ninth cause for men. Pneumonitis is the sixth leading cause of death for both males and females. Diabetes was the ninth leading cause of death for females and the seventh in males. Nephritis was the eighth leading cause of death in both females and males and Septicemia was the tenth leading cause of death for both genders. Top Five Leading Causes of Death by Age Groups Table 1. 5 Five Leading Causes of Death by Age Group in DuPage County, 2006 Rank

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Ballard Part 2 - Research Paper Example In this case, they would get an opportunity to work at different locations. Thus, they can break the boredom of working at a single location which they do not like or ease their discomfort of working in a bad location. Employees from food division and female employees find it difficult to reach the workplace and go back home. To handle this aspect, BIMS might plan for arranging a vehicle for the employees, from prime locations in the town. This vehicle would work as per the shift timings of BIMS, have set stops and connect all the areas where most employees come from. This would ward off the stress in the minds of employees on how to reach home or office in time. The employees must be allowed to participate in planning their hours of work, along with their manager or supervisor. Monthly efforts planning sessions could be held with the employees and their respective higher-ups. In these one-to-one sittings, they get to discuss their limitations, constraints and personal appointments during the planning period with the managers and schedule their shifts and hours of work accordingly. This participative intervention would make the employees feel heard to. They understand that the management is concerned with their problems and thus, build their trust and morale towards work and the organization. Further, this exercise gives the employees the feel that their supervisors are according them due respect, treating them in a fair manner. This would aid in building better rapport between the employees and their supervisors and reducing the dislike for the supervisors, which is found to be the main reason behind leaving BIMS, by many employees. Training should be provided to the employees with respect to work. These training programs must target in increasing their confidence levels, raise their enthusiasm and equip them well. The preparation must make them ready to take up work. Focus on improving the communication within organization is also

High altitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High altitude - Essay Example The results, as illustrated in figure 1 and 2, showed that there are changes in the cardiovascular system after exercise. There is increased value in both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The result regarding the blood pressure is consistent with other researches (Kelley & Kelley, 2000) which indicated that there is a progressive increase both the systolic and diastolic pressure. The result regarding heart rate is also consistent with several studies (Arroll & Beaglehole, 1992) which indicated that there should be an increase in the heart rate after exercise. These changes in the cardiovascular system can be associated with the increase in the release of adrenaline after exercise which can cause an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure (Van Hoof et al, 1989). Figure 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise. (x-axis: subject; y-axis: blood pressure) Figure 2. Heart rate measured in beats per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: bpm) Also, results showed that there are major changes in the respiratory system after exercise. One observation is that there is an increased value in the respiratory rate (Figure 3). This is consistent with other studies which also showed an increase in the respiratory rate (Posner et al, 1992). ... The decrease in the gas volume can be attributed to the fact that the muscle of for breathing do not work maximally. It is because during exercise, the priority for the supply of oxygen is given to the muscles at work (gastrocnemius, bicep femoris etc). And lastly, regarding the gas composition, it was observed that there is an increase in CO2 while a decrease in O2 after exercise (Figure 5). The increase in CO2 and decrease in O2 is obvious because after exercise because there is a lot of work done. This work utilized more O2 and produces more CO2 through aerobic metabolism (Posner et al, 1992). Figure 3. Respiratory rate measured in breaths per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: number of breaths per minute) Figure 4. Gas volume measured in liters per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: liters of gas per minute) Figure 5. Gas composition of O2 and CO2 at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: percent composition of gas) Al though not observed in the results, there are also some changes in the nervous system after exercise. Physical activity can actually improve cognitive function (Hertzog et al, 2008). Moreover, exercise can also promote protection against neurodegenerative diseases like dementia (Clement et al, 2005). And lastly, exercise can also enhance the release of nerve growth factors, which help the process of neurogenesis (McAuley, 2004). In the report, it is also stated that the students from the football team will go to La Paz, Bolivia for a series of matches during the break. It should be considered that La Paz, Bolivia is located in a high altitude and this might imply some changes in the physiological activity of the body which should be anticipated. It should be noted

Risk in Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk in Human Resource Management - Essay Example The scenario faced by the case Ricci v. DeStefano would be used for this purpose. The circumstances of the case would be discussed and courses of action would be suggested on what could have been done by the government to avoid this lawsuit. In line with providing the appropriate measures with the discussion on the course’s modules, an assessment center would be defined and analyzed in terms of determining how it could help avoid problems in the future. Swanson & Foster wrote in their chapter on A Practical Guide to Conducting Assessment Centers a concise description of an assessment center as both a process and a place. Initially, the aim of assessment centers is to evaluate the performance of sergeants who compete for promotion to the ranks of a lieutenant. The term was defined by the International Task Force on Assessment Center Guidelines (2000) as consisting of â€Å"a standardized evaluation of behavior based on multiple inputs† (Swanson & Foster, 557 in Condrey, 2005). In greater detail, the process specifically involves â€Å"evaluating the behavior of candidates (sergeants) for a specific purpose (promotion) by providing them with multiple independent opportunities (simulations or exercises) to demonstrate abilities and by monitoring them with multiple trained evaluators (assessors), whose individual judgments are pooled to form an overall evaluation of the extent to which the candidates have the skills necessary to succeed as police lieutenants† (Swanson & Foster, 557 in Condrey, 2005). On the other hand, an assessment as a place is a designated appropriate site to serve the purpose and the process identified above. The Ricci v. DeStefano case is a legal action brought about by nineteen city firefighters of New Haven, Connecticut against the city of New Haven for violations of their civil rights and for discriminating against them regarding possible promotions. The firefighters were due to be promoted to managerial

Role of high performance work systems in organizational performance Essay

Role of high performance work systems in organizational performance - Essay Example This work system aims at developing high involvement through the development of an adequate degree of commitment among all levels of human resources working in the organization. The notion of the high performance work system are supported by claims that this system of work practices lead to the creation of superior performance at the individual as well as organizational levels. However, it can be argued that the system of high performance work systems often makes an organization shift from the conventional and eclectic selection of the best practices employed in human resource management which ensures the creation of higher organizational performance outcomes but does not necessarily add to the performance outcomes of individual employees in an organization. Developing the work on these lines of analysis, this essay is prepared with the objective of critically discussing the role of high performance work systems in organizational and individual performances. The scholars across vario us fields of study like industrial relations labor economics, organizational behavior, and the strategic human resource management and operations management who have presented varied views regarding the effectiveness of the high performance work systems in the contemporary business organizations. As per the views of many scholars and the researchers, the high performance work systems are extremely useful form an organizational as well as individual performances. Higher complexity in the job roles.

The Issues Associated with Road Congestion Research Proposal

The Issues Associated with Road Congestion - Research Proposal Example Road traffic congestion is a situation that is characterized by a high number of vehicles on a road that leads to low speed and longer time taken for a trip, road congestion has its negative effects on both the owners of vehicles and also to the environment, some of these negative effects include pollution, increased economic costs, stress, and time wastage and increased health hazards to the individuals. Traffic congestion increases the time used for a certain trip, this means that the vehicles will be more likely to emit more pollutant gases into the atmosphere as compared to travel where there is less traffic. Pollution includes both air and sound pollution, air pollution will degrade the environment and some of these minerals are emitted which degrades the environment include sulfur, lead and carbon dioxide. Once the environment is degraded by these gases it poses some health hazards such as acid rain which may cause damage to property and also skin cancer. Global warming is the major environmental effect that is associated with pollution, it is the current issue of concern and traffic congestion can be linked as a source of global warming. In times of traffic snarl-ups too much is wasted that could have been used to conduct other economic activities, many business opportunities are lost due to this inefficiency caused by traffic congestion, it can also be associated with causing lateness to a person who may be urgently needed somewhere, it may also hamper emergency cases such as ambulances may be unable to reach hospitals on time causing even loss of lives.

St. Peters Basilica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

St. Peters Basilica - Essay Example Famous group of architects in Renaissance times include of Bramante, Peruzzi, Antonio da Sangallo and Michelangelo for the architectural practice that was then imitated throughout Europe. Their masterpieces are made up of their personal artistic skills and preferences. Its interior was compounded of magnificent works of these famous architects in which several structures are brilliantly decorated with mosaics. In order to communicate their design intent, the architects considered the graphical language that is easy to understood and shared to others. Christians were allowed to worship openly, St. Peter's basilica became the prototype of churches today which the Christians built. Little by little, each feature inside of the pagan basilica became suffused with Christian significance. This paper traces the gradual restoration of St. Peters basilica from the first and original plan that grown slowly but steadily adapted place for worship. None of the existing types of building could meet the needs of the fellow Christian worshippers. St Peters Basilica is the center of the flow of western Christendom's political, social, religious and cultural development. Every masterpiece is much appreciated in the history and the essence of this remarkable place. Under the construction of more than 150 years, it's been a witness of spiritual humility. The Vatican is still the most recognized landmarks in Rome.

Organisational Transactions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Transactions - Essay Example Similarly, to improve management in an organization, natural approach is admitted and a perception of exchange is laid which begins like: The process of give and take is known as Law of Reciprocity or exchange of currencies with an expectation to get the reward back. â€Å"Currencies† can also be referred as â€Å"favors† that one does for colleagues, managers or clients. An exchange of currencies could be in any gesture like a note of appreciation, praise in a meeting, raise in a salary, paid holidays etc (Brian Tracy, 2002). It all depends upon the relationship one has with his/her colleagues, managers or high officials and the number of currencies used among employees. This process nourishes when one develops strong alliances and build positive relationship with his team members and supports the idea that reciprocity is the fundamental principle of organizational transactions and should be done with the balance of equal returns. However, exchange of currencies is alw ays not possible but this is where the mutual understanding and compatibility differs. It mostly happens at higher level where approach of targeting objectives is unparallel among two senior officials and thus results in inconvertible currencies (Cohen, Bradford, 1989). FAILURE IN ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSACTIONS: (Cohen, Bradford, 1989), it is very important to deal the organizational transactions responsibly because it fails if the three factors are not dealt appropriately: Underestimation of potential allies: This explains that an influencer should never underestimate an employee but to weight them all as a potential allies. Understanding the ally’s world: An influencer should know what his allies want in return and how they want. Self awareness of an influencer: It is very important for an influencer to target the objectives instead of getting disoriented with what is to be achieved. PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE: To create a Leaderful Organization, thought process and approach have to be diversified to be benefited with this new theory. Personally, if I and my CEO share a same interest then there is nothing wrong in arranging a game with him as mentioned, he is also a good squash player. It could be very overwhelming and different if a boss himself invites to play a game. And a situation can completely differ if a junior tries to influence a boss by inviting him for a game. There could be two different outcomes: positive and negative but consequences cannot be predicted until the outcome of the match is visible. Though, if the intention is just to invite him with open hearts, not for the sake of showing him down or proving himself but to have a healthy interaction besides official matters. This kind of exchange predicts Personal Related Currencies, in which one uplifts or upholds self esteem, values and identity and both share the task which increases their skills and expertise. And the best part is the gratitude they show to each other. It is important to know and understand before arranging that what approach is suitable for a potential ally, an offer for a game first or a solution to a problem in an office first. Once the match is programmed and the boss is ready to face it positively, employee would try his hard to prove himself and boss himself would put his complete efforts to win the match. There is a possibility that if a boss loses, he

Cult and cult leader Essay Example for Free

Cult and cult leader Essay Cult† is a term used to describe certain religious groups outside of the mainstream of Western religion. A cut leader is non-Christian but has roots in Christianity while denying what he considered its essential teaching or can be one who follows an altogether different religious structure, one foreign and alien to the prevalent religious communities . in the in the case of the latter cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture. In most cases that innovation comes about by the transplantation of a religion from a different culture by the immigration of some of its members and leaders. Others described cults as groups which hypnotized or brainwashed recruits, destroyed their ability to make rational judgments and turned them into slaves of the groups leader, as by the above definition Healter was cult leader since he practiced and allowed some of these practices which are associated with cult leaders ; Members swear total allegiance to an all-powerful leader who they believe to be the Messiah, rational thought is discouraged or forbidden, the cults recruitment techniques are often deceptive, the cult weakens the follower psychologically by making him or her depend upon the group to solve his or her problems, the cults manipulate guilt to their advantage, the cult leader makes all the career and life decision of the members, cults exist only for their own material survival and make false promises to work to improve society, cult members often work fulltime for the group for little or no pay, cults are apocalyptic and believe themselves to be the remnant who will sur vive the soon-approaching end of the world. There are many things condick david crashed with the gorverment on appointment post also on issues facing religion. Reference: 1. Elmer Clarks pioneering survey of the Small Sects in America (1949) . .

Impact of New Media on Civil and International Conflict

Impact of New Media on Civil and International Conflict Introduction In this essay I am going to elaborate on the role that the media play on civil and international conflict in today’s world. I will start with a brief introduction of war and its causes and effects, the roles that the media plays and the impact of their coverage before, during and perhaps after the conflict. War as we know is characterised by extreme violence and violence goes with the destruction of people, human societies are deeply affected by wars as residential areas, public infrastructures, hospitals and the very basis of human existence are destroyed. Education is completely denied the youth, no hope and aspirations for the future. Crops for livelihood will be completely destroyed and causes stagnation all over the place, no economic development, and no access to basic needs. Suffering lingers, poverty and backwardness become the people’s heritage. The last two decades have witnessed a lot of conflicts that are mainly dominated by civil wars which are classified armed conflict, very deadly and devastating takes place between the people in the same country, and these countries are usually experiencing sectarian or political transitions/changes, because it (democracy) is sweeping across the countries of the world today. And as nature will have it, such changes must not come without opposition and violence. When these wars occur the media is used as a tool. The mass media is the platform through which the people receive information. This information can be transmitted either through radio, television broadcasting, newspapers/magazines, internet or mobile phones. This makes the media very powerful and influential. Because of its ability to inform the entire population at the same time could produce a positive or negative result. The media’s role in spreading incorrect information or hostile propaganda becomes an issue of great significance. For the fact that these wars often occur in remote areas and have complicated histories, the international community’s view of them will depend to a large extent on how journalists present and explain the conflict. On the other hand some of the deadliest conflicts receive little or no publicity in the global media. An example was the Sierra Leone war which received little mention globally (Hamburg, Vance, 1997) a number of examples in the 1990s suggest that the impact of media reporting may generate political action. Michael Beschloss wrote in 1993 that the war in Bosnia was only â€Å"the latest example of an overseas crisis in which hunting television pictures arouse the American people to demand their government do something.†(Rotberg, Weiss, 1996) also in the late 1980s before the Bosnia war there was famine in Somalia that killed a lot of people through starvation that led to the decision of the United States to launch Operation Restore Hope. It was the presence of media and their reporting clearly the true situation at hand that made it politically difficult for the government not to intervene to rescue the situation. The presence or absence of media attention may mean life or death for affected populations. Accuracy is one of the most important concerns about media reports, this is particularly important when distance and time limitations are involved so as to avoid delays before the situation gets out of hand. The role mass media play in today’s conflicts around the world is very important. This role can be classified into two different categories. The media could take: An active part in the conflict and has responsibility for increased violence, Or stay independent and out of the conflict, thereby contributing to the resolution of conflict and alleviation of violence (conflict and the role of the media, 2006). The role taken up by the media in any conflict at any period whether before and after depends on a complex set of factors. This strictly depends on the media’s relationship with the actors in the conflict and the independence the media has to the power holders in society. It is because of the challenges and difficulties that the media faces during conflict that led to the establishment of International Media Support (IMS) in 2001. This was prompted after the Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia massacres that took place in the 1990s; situations in these conflicts and in fact other conflicts in the past where the media was being manipulated and used as a tool to fuel violent conflict. For instance, during Rwandan genocide the media (radio and newspaper) means were used to instigate killing, mobilize the majority, the Hutu’s to constantly remind them about the already made plans to totally wipe out the Tutsi minority. The international media turned a blind eye, and before the world could actually know what was going on nearly a million people had been killed. The purpose for setting up the IMS: To support local media so as to maintain operations and conduct their work as professionals. To work and enable media to seek to promote peace, reduce conflict, Strengthen democracy and bring about dialogue in close partnership with local media And media support organisations nationally as well as internationally. Taking broad sector approach to media development, this means the media sector must be addressed to achieve well-functioning and independent media that ensures a free media environment, a strong media infrastructure and professional media content. South Eastern Europe is one such region where ethnic tensions have had such a disintegrating effect. In the last decade, political and civil changes in the region have changed citizen’s ideas on democracy, civic participation, and cultural tensions. Throughout the New Europe, hate speech has been increasingly in general use online (Gaines, 2000). Racist and nationalistic discourse continues to be spread widely on regional media. Press radio, and television programs all increase to the severity of already existing tensions (Thompson, 1994). George Krimsky (1996), cofounder of the International Centre for Journalists (ICJ), notes that â€Å"irresponsible and inaccurate journalism (or its wicked cousin, the hate-mongering media) can fan the flames of violence in ethnic or communal confrontations.† Irresponsible journalism has played a huge role in the increase of conflict in the region, that media practitioner Maida Bebic of radio Kameleon in Tuzla, Bosnia-Herzegovinian, has announced, â€Å"The media started the war in the former Yugoslavia; they will have to end it, too.† (Cited in Burton, 2001) The international community can help to prevent conflict and assist people affected by war to recover. This can be achieved through different ways. This can be achieved through building local capacity in broadcast and print media, and introducing new media, in order to produce and distribute objective and accurate local content. In the developing world radio broadcasting is particularly very vital considering the availability of other media accessibility, like internet, satellite television or smart phone which could be scarce or limited and plus the high rate of illiteracy and poverty; majority of the people can afford radio, so it can be used as a medium to dispatch information. Independent journalists face very serious challenges in the conflict areas, and some of the journalists/editors get harassed, kidnapped, put in prison, even murdered. There is need for every government, especially government from the developing countries to stop harassing and jailing journalists. Egyptian government is holding Aljazeera journalists in prison and has now sentenced some of them to ten years imprisonment on false accusations including other journalists that were also sentenced to serve several years imprisonment, and some of them like Peter Greste have spent over three hundred days in jail without trial. All these arrests and detentions are to intimidate and silence journalists and to tag them with bad reputations (The Print edition, Al Jazeera, June, 2014) some of these journalists have been sentenced in absentia, without them being present in court. Rather than government putting journalists in prison, they should provide them with security, especially international journalists; make environment conducive and if possible provide training facilities for them so as to be able to execute their job even though they are already working in a war-torn zone. It is very vital and essential to encourage the use of media to promote peace, nonviolent problem solving and decent understanding between ethnic groups. UNESCO has long supported the development of local independent film, radio, television, and internet-based media in developing and transitional countries, including in conflict and post-conflict areas. UNESCO’s extensive work program includes sponsoring research and knowledge-sharing conferences, defining best practices, offering in-field professional training and financial and operations support (Stauffacher, 2005) beyond media development, it has employed innovative techniques in conflict zones; for example, funding NGOs in Afghanistan to create travelling cinemas that move from village to village to present educational and health information. UNESCO held a conference in Belgrade in May 2004. This was to support the media in violent conflict and countries in transition and the concluding Belgrade Declaration. (World Press Freedom day, 2004) Conference was organised in Copenhagen for two days the 26th and 27th of November 2004 to build upon the conclusions presented in the Belgrade Declaration from the UNESCO conference. The subject of discourse of the conference was the perplexing situation facing media development in the wake of peacekeeping and humanitarian aid operations in conflict-affected areas. The need for rapid and effective dissemination of information from aid organisations and peacekeeping forces sometimes collides with the development of an independent media sector (IMS, 2004) The attitude towards the media in Burma, Myanmar is now much more clearly defined, though not for better. Even the lowest attempts to report the facts are ruthlessly crushed. The military Junta keeps a strict control on the media, leaving no freedom either to local or foreign journalists. The Burmese press operates under strict censorship and citizens risk jail if they are found guilty of giving false information domestically or internationally (Herbert, 2013) International Media Support has been working to assist in alleviating the problems of strict control on the media for some time now. IMS is carrying out a comprehensive media development programme comprising a wide range of activities including working to support policy reforms, capacity building of media and journalists. IMS in collaboration with Myanmar Peace Centre providing conflict sensitive journalism training workshop throughout the country. The BBC Afghan Education Projects (BBC AEP). The aim of this program is to bring reconciliation among different groups and raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in other to avoid an epidemic in post-conflict Afghanistan. BBC AEP produces these programs in different formats, drama, soap opera, educational features and cartoon magazines, all these reach more than half of Afghan population. (Stauffacher, 2005) In Sri Lanka and Nepal the journalists are under constant harassment and intimidation because of civil wars and internal conflicts going on in these places. The Sri Lankan government who is fighting against the Tamil separatist movement, imposed direct censorship of military news under emergency regulations (Herbert, 2013, p. 104) The Philippines president Joseph Estrada took office in1998, since then several developments has brought his administration’s commitment to freedom of the press into question. He has been accused of curtailing media freedom in a country that has embraced the principles of free expression in recent times. The Philippians most widely circulated paper the Philippian’s Daily Inquirer was being boycotted in retaliation for criticizing the government. Turkey is said to have the most number of journalists in detention more than any other country in the world. Those journalists are advocating for the independence of Kurdish people and at such being thrown in jail. NGOs play very important role in media development. For instance, All Africa Global Media is a multimedia content service provider, systems technology developer, and the largest electronic distributor of African news and information worldwide. The website posts over 1000 stories daily in English and French and offers multilingual programming as well as over 900,000 articles in a searchable archive. Conclusion This essay has highlighted the critical role and importance of the media during wars and crisis and of course the power and influence they have. Most conflicts occur in domestic political settings where there are signs that the means of mass communications continue to increase in importance, this is suggesting that continued efforts are needed to understand the role of national media in conflict. Bibliography Blankson, I. A, and Murphy, P. D. (2012) ‘Negotiating Democracy: Media transformations in  emerging democracies’ (Google eBook) Suny Press Blondel, Y. I (2003) ‘Violent conflict and roles of the media’ Uppsala University Publishers Hamburg, D. A and Vance, C. R. (1997) ‘Preventing deadly conflict’ DIANE Publishing Herbert, J. (2013) ‘practicing global journalism: Exploring reporting issues worldwide’  CRC Press Puddephatt, A. (2006) ‘Conflict and the role of the media’ International Media Support  Publication Rotberg, R. I. and Weiss, T. G. (1996) ‘from massacres to genocide: The media, public policy, and humanitarian crisis’ (Google eBook) Brookings Institution Press Stauffacher, D. (2005) ‘Information and communication technology for peace: The role of  ICT in preventing, responding to and recovering from conflict, Vol. 198 United  Nations ICT task Force. The Print Edition, (June, 2014) ‘Egypt Court sentences Al Jazeera journalists,  Al Jazeera Publications Thompson, E. P. (1994) ‘Witness against the beast: William Blake and the moral Law’  Cambridge University Press

Factors Affecting Average Spending Power Marketing Essay

Factors Affecting Average Spending Power Marketing Essay Introduction: Krajewski Ritzman (1987) Operation management is the systematic direction and control of the process that transforms inputs into finished goods and services. Operations management involves the responsibility to ensure that business operations are efficient in terms of resource use as little as a necessary and effective in terms of customer requirements. At this current age, hospitality has grown up much bigger than even it was expected in last couple of decades. It is one of the most leading business sectors in the business world but in many different forms where efficient service is being offered to the clients using as little resources as possible to gain the client satisfaction. Throughout this report we will be finding how the hospitality operations management performs in the practical business market and necessary theoretical evident discussion will be done to emphasis the aspects of the topic. Part A Factors affecting average spending power (ASP) The average spending power is a compromise or could be called as a joint decision between equal partners in the pricing process such as between the hotel or restaurant and the customers. In the context of hospitality, the customers are usually offered with a wide range of food and beverage items of different price labels which actually brings about average spending power. Generally the average spending power is very much depended on the customer or guests whims or impulse. The spending power could be affected by the following factors Size of income Status Socio/cultural influences Economic situation Key Stages in Product and Service Development There are number of stages in product and service development process, the key stages are follows Market research, Market segmentation, Idea evaluation, Concept development Product development Advertising objectives Create Desire Create awareness Sell Increase market share Develop brand loyalty Customer awareness (http://churchill.ac/moodle/file.php/52/Stages_of_Product_Development.ppt) The features, contribute towards customers perception of product and service The features, contribute towards customers perception of product and service are follows Marketing Research The market research is a systematic way to meet, to store and to analyze of data in markets, competition, future tendencies and other factors affect the business operational process. It is done generally to be to more clients oriented and in other way to advance the efficiency and the effectiveness of the whole operational process. Market segmentation Market Segmentation could be defined as the identification of a subset of consumers, so that a combination of the marketing thinks up to satisfy specifically its demand. Advertising and Merchandising Advertising are generally a paid way of non-personal form of presentation and promoting the idea or ideas, goods or services by a particular company or sponsor intended to reach their desired set of customers. It is the leading marketing weapon in the market place. This process requires objectives like other marketing elements. Advertising Objectives The advertising objective varies for individual organisation depending on the time of advertising. Using this process advertiser expect short or long time benefits. Competition, consumer behaviour, revenue and profits will all influence the advertising objectives from time to time. Opportunities and Constraints Affecting Product and Service Development The following issues are affecting the product and service development Availability of resources; human, financial, and physical resources standardisation, style of service, space utilisation A range of Merchandising opportunities for Hospitality Products and Service The opportunities are Persuade customers to patronise the hotel or restaurant often. Create desire for product/service in the winds of potential customers Emphasise benefits and advantages of the products/ services (http://churchill.ac/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=665) Create an awareness of the product Increase the market share Improve revenue Influence the attitude of the public towards the product Improve brand loyalty Confirm in the minds of customers that they have made the correct choice Enhance the desired image of the hotel or restaurant (http://churchill.ac/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=665) Methods of Pricing and additional Pricing considerations Methods of Pricing Cost-oriented Cost-oriented pricing involves the determination of all fixed and variable costs associated with a product or service. After the total costs attributable to the product or service have been determined, managers add a desired profit margin to each unit. Cost-oriented pricing method could be summarized as Cost + Fixed profit percentage = Selling price Market-oriented Market-oriented pricing determines Pricing at the same level as the competition. The organization has to assess how its product relates to a competitive product and set its price at a comparable level to stay competitive in the market place.   Additional Pricing considerations Service Charge, Cover Charge, Minimum Charge A system. (http://churchill.ac/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=744) Factors in Hospitality Operations affect Revenue Generation and Profitability The following factors affect Revenue Generation and Profitability in Hospitality Operations Factors affecting revenue generation Sales mix It is a way of mixing the relative set of products together and setting up a comparatively lower price than the sum of individual products together as promotion to raise the organizational total sale, but it is actually less than the total amount it could be if it was sold as individual, therefore it affect the revenue generation at the end. Customer turnover Revenue generation depend on customer turnover, if the customer are not attracted by the product or satisfied with the service, they would not come back to organization again and therefore sales will be very badly affected and revenue generation at the same time. Average spending power (ASP) Average spending power is completely depend on the customers will; customers are free to decide whether to spend extra or not. If the average spending power of the customer or guests lower down, the sales will go down as well therefore the revenue will be affected as where there is no sales there is no revenue. Factors affecting profitability Labour intensity To produce goods or to delivered service large amounts of human effort is required specially the industry like hospitality where they are very much people oriented. The larger the human effort against the product or service the larger the amount would be paid and would lower the profitability. Shelf-life Self-life determines the length of time a product may be stored or preserved without deterioration; the length of time it remains usable. If the product or service is not suitable to use it will be left as waste and therefore it will affect the profitability very badly. Elasticity of demand If the availability against demand is not met properly the profitability will go down as sales will go down. The aspects of hospitality operations which are commonly appraised Structuring the discussion Building trust and rapport Objectivity Balancing praise and criticism Setting objectives Getting buy-in Making them motivational Career plans Follow up and action (http://churchill.ac/moodle/file.php/52/Appraisal_and_improved_performance.ppt) Two of the aspects of hospitality operations which are commonly appraised Structuring the discussion The organizations take decisions time to time to carry on developing their products or to improve the service they usually offer. This sort of decision should be taken based on their management and development strategy set by the organisation earlier. The set of decisions has to be structured or arranged in a sorted manner so that they can be used in the future to keep their standards of the product or services. Setting objectives In order to produce or offer a quality service the organisation must set the objectives targeting the goal which they are intended to achieve. The objectives could couple in numbers depending on the organisation and the label of their product and services. After setting up the objectives the organisation will follow the production or operation strategy to achieve the objectives for that particular stage. Reasons for Appraising To identify areas for improvement on operations. Identify areas where products and services are thriving as well as areas of failure. To improve on performances To identify constraints and capitalise on opportunities (http://churchill.ac/moodle/file.php/52/Appraisal_and_improved_performance.ppt) Definition and Description of Pricing Method adopted by a firm to set its  selling price. It usually depends on the  firms  average costs, and on the  customers  perceived value of the product in  comparison  to his or her perceived  value  of the competing  products. Different pricing  methods  place varying degree  of emphasis on  selection, estimation, and  evaluation  of costs,  comparative analysis, and  market  situation. See also  pricing strategy. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/pricing.html) In other word, Pricing is a fundamental aspect of financial modelling, and is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix. The other three aspects are product, promotion, and place. Price is the only revenue generating element amongst the four Ps. Pricing is the manual or automatic process of applying prices to purchase and sales orders. (http://churchill.ac/moodle/file.php/52/price_and_profitability.ppt) To develop the price for a new product the following strategy would be followed Developing marketing strategy perform marketing analysis, segmentation, targeting and positioning. Make marketing mix decision define the product, distribution, and promotional tactics. Estimate the demand curve understand how quantity demanded varies with price. Calculate Cost include fixed and variable costs associated with the products. Understand environmental factors evaluate likely competition actions, understanding legal constraints etc. Set Pricing Objective for example, profit maximization, revenue maximization, or price stabilization. Determine Pricing Using information collected in the above steps, select a pricing method, develop the pricing structure and define discounts (http://churchill.ac/moodle/file.php/52/price_and_profitability.ppt) Part B In this part of the report, I will be discussing the relevant practical issues required by the project and presenting some evidential information found throughout my individual research on TESCO PLC, Hancock Road, Broomly -By Bow, London E3 3DA. Background: Tesco  plc  is a British international grocery and general merchandising retail chain founded by  Jack Cohen  in 1919. The brand first appeared after Cohen bought a shipment of  tea  from  T.E. Stockwell  and he used those initials and added the first two letters of his own surname. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in  Burnt Oak,  Edgware, Middlesex. During the 1950s and the 1960s Tesco grew organically, and also through acquisitions, until it owned more than 800 stores. Originally specialising in food and drink, it has  diversified  into areas such as clothing, electronics,  financial services,  telecoms, home, health, car and dental  insurance, retailing and renting  DVDs, CDs,  music downloads,  Internet  services and  software. It is the largest British  retailer  by both global sales and domestic market share, with profits exceeding  £3 billion, and the third largest global retailer based on revenue, after  Wal-Mart  andà ‚  Carrefour  and second largest in profit behind Wal-Mart. (http://www.thefree4all.com) Figure and information extracted from (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco) Figure: The Current information about TESCO PLC Nature of the Product Tesco Broomly-By-Bow offers Food, Beverage, and quality services. They also offers non-food items including holiday accessories, travel insurance etc. The food range comprised with frozen, chilled, regular item. Fresh produce (Fruit, Vegetable) items are even offered there. Range of Product: Clothes, World Foods, Asian, Halal, Afro Caribbean, Greek, Polish Different Influences affecting Patterns of Demand There are number of influences affecting the patterns of demand External Factor Several National customers Several different expectation Religious aspects on foods Halal Food Competitive price offered by the competitor Range of product Current financial crisis etc. Internal Factor Product Packaging Competitive Price offered by Tesco Multi buy product mix offered Product design Value product to attract the customer with low spending budget Tescos backlog Policy Customer expectations and requirements The profile of the client could be defined as description of client that includes demographic, geographical, and characteristics of psychographic, buying guideline, the reliability, and the history of purchase. A complete survey been done to the TESCO Broom-By-Bow branch among the customer and the details are bellow Research Method Primary research (Field research, fresh data) Questionnaire survey (Close ended) Sampling (Selecting set of customer from a larger number of customers) Location: Broomly-By-Bow Secondary research (Existing data) Internet After surveying 100 customer of different age group the following result is been found Figure: Top chart describes the likings on different age group; Bottom Chart shows the overall product expectation to the TESCO Broomly-By-Bow.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

Child Abuse Child abuse and neglect is frightfully high. As a country this is unacceptable. We need to come up with better ways to fight this â€Å"disease† before we destroy our children, our future. An estimated 903,000 children across the country were victims of abuse or neglect in 2001, according to national data released by the Department of Health and Human Services. The statistics indicate that about 12.4 out of every 1,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect, a rate comparable to the previous year's victimization rate of 12.2 out of 1,000 children. "A nation as compassionate as ours should ensure that no child is a victim of abuse or neglect. The number of children that are being abused and neglected this country is an unacceptable daily tragedy," HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson said. "We must do more to protect our most vulnerable children. That's why President Bush has proposed an important new approach to give states the tools and resources they need to prevent abuse and care for these young victims." As part of HHS' fiscal year 2004 budget request, the Bush Administration is proposing a new approach to protect children in the child welfare system. Under the plan, states would have the option of using some money now designated solely for foster care to support a range of abuse-preventive services and programs. The proposal provides the flexibility and sustained financial support necessary to build innovative programs for children and families...

Egyptian And Mexican Pyramids Essay -- essays research papers fc

Mysteries of the Ancient World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many centuries people have been fascinated by ancient cultures and treasures. During the last two centuries the science of archeology and modern inventions allowed people to get inside of the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and discover the treasures of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. Most of what we know about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. Thanks to Egyptian belief in the afterlife we can now find out about the civilization that existed nearly five thousand years ago. Egyptian culture is not the only culture that left us its heritage in pyramids. In America we find pyramids build by civilizations of Olmec and Maya about 7th century CE. These pyramids had different purposes and usage then the ones in Egypt but they stand as memorials to ancient civilizations as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egyptian people believed in life after death. One of the way pharaohs prepared themselves for the afterlife journey was by building a pyramid and putting there all their belongings and riches. Egyptian people believed that pharaoh is the closest person to the God and treated him accordingly. That is the reason for Egyptian tombs being full with the golden jewelry, precious stones and art objects. Most of the time art objects were not considered a treasury but they played their particular role in religious rituals. Jars were holding food and drinks for pharaoh’s journey, so he would not get hungry and would have food and drinks to offer to the Gods. The figurative sculptures were suppose to accompany Ka ( spiritual entity) in its lonely stay or serve as a twin for the mummy. If something happens to the mummy the ka could use the sculpture of the pharaoh for the revelation. As well as for Egyptians religion was an everyday concern for many of the Maya, whether the dynastic ruler, the zealous priest, or the humble believer. Maya has an extensive religion structure which we can not know in details. Chac and Itzamna are the most famous gods of Mayan culture. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are among the most interesting mythical characters. One of the most crucial gods was Tlaloc, who was worshiped in various guises by the culture of Teotihuacan, the Toltec of Tula, and later Aztecs. The Maya received the cult of Tlaloc during the 4th century more or less. The Cauac Monster, also known as the Witz monster, is a... ...ties of the ancient Maya†. Mystery of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.html â€Å"Herodotus Reports on Mummification.† May 1999. http://pluto.clinch.edu/history/wciv1/civ1ref/mummy.html â€Å"Life in Ancient Egypt. Shabtis.† Ed. Craig Patch. Exc. from Reflections of Greatness: Ancient Egypt at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 1990. http://www.yahoo.com/egypt/ â€Å"Maya Civilization.† Mystery of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.html Newby, P.H. The Egypt story, its art, its monuments, its people, its history. Italy: Abbreville Press: 1979. Payne, Elizabeth. The pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, Inc. 1984. â€Å"Photographs of Maya ruins of Tikal showing how Hasselblad cameras and Zeiss lenses result in better pictures†. Maya Art & books. International Photographic Archive of Maya Art. June 1998. http://www.maya-art-books.org/html/New_photos.html â€Å"The First Egyptian Mummies†. Corkankhamun explains mummification. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.html â€Å"Why Egyptians Made Mummies†. Corkankhamun explains mummification. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.html

Behavioral Aspects of Project Management Essay -- Operations Project M

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavioral aspects of project management consist of many different areas that a project manager must master. The organizational culture is one area that can take time to master for many project managers. The culture of an organization can be the success or the failure of a project. Management must share common beliefs and values and be willing to stand by them at the most critical times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The personality of the project leader is critical to the project. The project leaders leadership will dictate if the project will be successful. The team has to believe in the manager and for this to happen the manager has to follow though with what they say they will do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To build and manage a successful project team the project manager must be skilled in many areas. The project manager has to be able to select team members that will fit in with the team, manage meetings skillfully, establish a team identity and vision, establish ways of rewarding the team as well as individuals, manage conflicts within and outside the team, and be able to rejuvenate the team over long projects. Organization Cultures Influence Organizational culture research has identified ten primary characteristics that lead to successful or unsuccessful teams within an organization. These characteristics will in turn affect the selection, sponsorship, prioritization, and ultimate success of all projects in an organization (Gray, Larson, 2011). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Member Identity – is the employee’s ability to identify with the organization. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team Emphasis – the activities of the organization in which the team or individuals are emphasized. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management focus – the decisions management makes that affect the employee’s. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unit integration – are teams within in an organization expected work independently or as a team. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control – the oversight and control over an employee’s behavior. These types of rules and policies of the organization to oversee employees will dictate to the employee what is acceptable and what is discouraged. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Risk tolerance – this allows or sets limits on an employee and teams to have a certain amount of innovation and risk seeking. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reward criteria – the organizational culture to allow or disallow promotions and salary increases based on merit rather than nonperformance factors. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conflict tolerance – the limits at which em... ...ansferred to the actual project or the significance will lessen and not be effective (Gray/Larson, 2011). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The project manager has to be skilled in many areas of an organization and usually has to work under less than ideal situations. The areas noted earlier are important but probably the most important area is the behavior of the project manager. The behavior of the manager is critical for the success of any project. If the manager has a bad attitude then the team will be lacking in enthusiasm and the project will likely be over budget and not on schedule. Leading by example is hard, especially when stress of the project is mounting. Corporate leaders influence the managers who influence the employees the same goes for project managers leading teams. The project manager must have discipline and be constantly aware of how personal actions are perceived by others (Gray/Larson, 2011). Work Cited Gray, C.F., Larson, E.W. Operations Project Management: The Managerial Process, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2011. Web 16 May 2015. http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/fayad/current.courses/cmpe203-fall2014/docs/ERM/Project%20Management%205th%20Edition.pdf Behavioral Aspects of Project Management Essay -- Operations Project M   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavioral aspects of project management consist of many different areas that a project manager must master. The organizational culture is one area that can take time to master for many project managers. The culture of an organization can be the success or the failure of a project. Management must share common beliefs and values and be willing to stand by them at the most critical times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The personality of the project leader is critical to the project. The project leaders leadership will dictate if the project will be successful. The team has to believe in the manager and for this to happen the manager has to follow though with what they say they will do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To build and manage a successful project team the project manager must be skilled in many areas. The project manager has to be able to select team members that will fit in with the team, manage meetings skillfully, establish a team identity and vision, establish ways of rewarding the team as well as individuals, manage conflicts within and outside the team, and be able to rejuvenate the team over long projects. Organization Cultures Influence Organizational culture research has identified ten primary characteristics that lead to successful or unsuccessful teams within an organization. These characteristics will in turn affect the selection, sponsorship, prioritization, and ultimate success of all projects in an organization (Gray, Larson, 2011). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Member Identity – is the employee’s ability to identify with the organization. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Team Emphasis – the activities of the organization in which the team or individuals are emphasized. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management focus – the decisions management makes that affect the employee’s. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unit integration – are teams within in an organization expected work independently or as a team. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control – the oversight and control over an employee’s behavior. These types of rules and policies of the organization to oversee employees will dictate to the employee what is acceptable and what is discouraged. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Risk tolerance – this allows or sets limits on an employee and teams to have a certain amount of innovation and risk seeking. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reward criteria – the organizational culture to allow or disallow promotions and salary increases based on merit rather than nonperformance factors. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conflict tolerance – the limits at which em... ...ansferred to the actual project or the significance will lessen and not be effective (Gray/Larson, 2011). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The project manager has to be skilled in many areas of an organization and usually has to work under less than ideal situations. The areas noted earlier are important but probably the most important area is the behavior of the project manager. The behavior of the manager is critical for the success of any project. If the manager has a bad attitude then the team will be lacking in enthusiasm and the project will likely be over budget and not on schedule. Leading by example is hard, especially when stress of the project is mounting. Corporate leaders influence the managers who influence the employees the same goes for project managers leading teams. The project manager must have discipline and be constantly aware of how personal actions are perceived by others (Gray/Larson, 2011). Work Cited Gray, C.F., Larson, E.W. Operations Project Management: The Managerial Process, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2011. Web 16 May 2015. http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/fayad/current.courses/cmpe203-fall2014/docs/ERM/Project%20Management%205th%20Edition.pdf

Sustainability issue of companies

The new Pfizer has three business segments : health care, animal health and consumer health reduces. The company's innovative products are sold in over 1 50 countries and regions. Pfizer has the world's most advanced production facilities and testing technology, its first-class detection and analytical tools perfect quality assurance system, the company ‘s products meet or exceed the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and U. S. Pharmacopoeia standards, and the company's products is permitted exported to Japan, Australia, the Philippines and Europe .At present, China -listed products include: Pioneer will , Salesperson , Cutthroat , Difficult , Anoraks , Zloty , URI Y Inning , Vicarage , Celebrate , Lipton and so on. Sustainability issues Pfizer sustainability issues in two areas, the problem is that Pfizer as a leader in the pharmaceutical industry, they need to continue the development of new drugs or improve their existing product to make it better with better efficacy and smaller Side ef fects, this problem is a pharmaceutical industry as a whole needs to confront the issue.Although Pfizer in the year 2013 on this issue to make the appropriate action, but in the future this issue which will always be a core issue for the sustainable. Second problem is that Pfizer commitment to sustainable environmental problems. Pfizer hopes between the value and the social and environmental damage caused by the production of products continues to seek a balance, while minimizing the risk to our shareholders. Our strategic approach focuses on reducing energy and water consumption, in addition to innovative ways to manage waste.Report issue in the annual report Among Pfizer Annual Report on environmental matters for the company listed as a special detail explanation. Pfizer in Environmental Matters were particularly marked in the year 2009 to 2012 which are similar provisions for changes in Pfizer Pfizer hermetically plant in violation of the federal Clean Air Act as well as some mad e by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved remedy measures. The compensation and other matters relating to litigation or Pfizer for the development of new products also caused itemized breakdown of explanation and description to make the annual report them.Incentives Pfizer and enthusiasm to motivate employees to develop improved products interaction of which is how to have a positive impact among colleagues engaged in a frank and open dialogue, and to take responsible action and results. OWN information! Help colleagues to take appropriate risks and innovative thinking thoughtful, challenging the prevailing views and assumptions and make better, faster decisions. For example: research colleagues took an innovative approach defined as type 2 diabetes, helped lead to the formation of a Joint venture to promote therapeutic compounds for the treatment of this potential contours.In what is now our global innovative pharmaceutical business, a team of researchers detect ed formability challenge – a complex of symptoms characterized by chronic widespread pain condition pain, fatigue, etc. And created a use of electronic medical records to identify and a new method of diagnosis of formability related variables. Business development team in Portugal, will help lead to some account Enabler was significantly higher than the performance of innovative contracting market. C.V. Is the second-largest drugstore chain Walgreen, in the United States, with more than 7,600 stores, is based on the total income of the second largest U.S. Prescription drugstore. As the retail pharmacy division of C.V. Caretaker company, which is listed as the 13th largest according to the company, in the Fortune Global 500, 2013. The main competitors C.V. drugstore chain Walgreen ranked 37th. C.V. Sales of prescription drugs and a wide range of general merchandise, including over-the- counter drugs, beauty products and cosmetics, film, photo finishing services, seasonal merch andise, greeting cards, and through their C.V. pharmacy and convenience food stores and on-line drugs bulls through C.V.. Com.It also provides healthcare services through its Maintenance than 600 clinics, as well as their diabetes care center. Most of these clinics are located within C.V. stores. New environmental sustainability issues facing the C.V. is facing a health care form that appears after and how to make us have a better impact on the community. Since 2013, the annual C.V. U. S. Health care reform changes and ongoing major demographic change will be faced with the overall environment and there will be a significant change in the next few years, and the initial deployment of the AC has been with challenges.The C.V. believe their corporate responsibility is to help patients and clients achieve their health, moral and responsible business. Listed separately in the annual list of C.V. for health care reform and other issues acing the changing business strategy and organization al self-made structures as well as how to give their patients and clients better treatment and services made corresponding policies. C.V. For health care reform and other issues increased their business health insurance market, which is the main C.V. growth strategy in the coming years, and our strong position in the medical market, retail and IBM auxiliary. N our patients and customers to help us in particular on the establishment of a number of assets to manage some of the characteristics of the patient's health are spending, including: the presiding Judge, a rare disease management and professional integration, through a consistent, integrated retail / mail options special connection specialist patients and according to our unique automated platform Involving medical claims management technology, market-leading home infusion services.These can enable our customers and patients to be healed while spending the least cost, while C.V. in order to allow patients access to their custom ers and provide maximum convenience thief allow consumers through the mail or at our convenient retail pharmacies to get them prescription options. C.V. Plans through their medical advisers and Silversmith prescription drug plan to help their clients and patients with certain chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, identify gaps care, stick to their prescription drugs, and better manage their health.We also expanded the program to Medicare beneficiaries, which helps health plan clients achieve better clinical star ratings, so in terms of the community to get more recognition and thus indirectly on large their potential customers. Home depot The Home Depot was founded in 1978, is the world's largest home improvement detailer, the second largest U. S. Retailer. Home Depot sales of all types of building materials, home furnishings and lawn garden products, and provide a wide range of related services.Home Depot stores average standards covering nearly 9,758 squar e meters indoors and another 2,138 square meters of outdoor garden products area. In addition to the standard Home Depot store outside, we have mainly provides products and services for the home improvement and remodeling projects EXPO Design Center, the face of professional customer service Home Depot Supply and The Home Depot Landscape Supply. The Home Depot Sustainable problems faced there first is a change in accounting standards and subjective assumptions; second is dedicated to improving the environment.The first issue is due to changes in accounting standards will significantly affect our financial results or financial position. Generally accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines and on a wide range of issues is related to our business, such as revenue recognition, impairment of assets, impairment of goodwill and other intangible stets, inventories, lease obligations, self-insurance, tax matters and interpretations litigat ion is very complex, involving many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments.Changes or changes in the interpretation of these rules or the basic assumptions, estimates or Judgments could significantly change our reported or expected financial results or financial position. The Home Depot in the annual report which , especially for companies from the year 2012 to the year 2013 in the field of environment in which to make a detailed description of the measures and for the year 201 5 is expected , especially in the many is to change the energy savings made , because in the last time the greatest problem the Home Depot is excessive energy consumption .And in 2013, the year in which the company's energy management team to continue to pursue the establishment of strict energy- efficiency standard operating practice , all of our U. S. Facilities . These measures include HAVE temperature control unit , and adhere to strict lighting plan, which is the largest source of energy consump tion in our stores , and the use of energy management systems in each store monitoring energy efficiency. We estimate that , through the implementation and use of these energy- saving external programs, we saved almost 7. One billion kilowatts hours ( kHz ) since 2004 . That year, we set a goal to reduce per kHz Square feet in our U. S. Stores by 20% by the year 2015 , and we met that goal in fiscal year 2013 , ahead of our target date . The Home Depot act to protect the environment in order to motivate the creation of a recycling project in particular, through this project can reduce the items to be thrown away to reduce the increase in recycling garbage.There is a plan to deal with gizzards materials and waste, which determines the company's sales or use of hazardous substances, including specific precautions to avoid leakage and contamination, general procedures for handling damaged containers, and provide powerful clean-up countermeasures to limit leakage of. Workplace Hazardous Materials training in understanding and more in-depth training, environmental compliance associates who are specifically designated to store and erase all contacts responsible for dangerous goods. References 1. The Home Depot 2013 Annual Report 2. The C.V. 2013 Annual Report 3. The Pfizer 2013 Annual Report

Effect and suspense Essay

At the asc depotent of act 2 it begins in the house of hind end and Elizabeth Proctor. stool walks into the kitchen and adds some salt to the pot and sits down. Elizabeth walks in and serves Proctor some food. Proctor congratulate her It is well seasoned This shows Proctor is metaphorically essay to make his relationship bankrupt with his married womilitary personnel. Both characters engage in tempestuous conversation about the weather and the crops. Audiences would study felt that there may be something beneath the surface they both argon avoiding talking about something. The conversation changes to witchcraft. Elizabeth mentions Abigail cosmos accused and how she thought she was innocent. caper accordingly says If the girls a idol now, I think it is not loose to picture shes a fraud, and the township gone so silly. She told it to me in a room wholly I subscribe no proof of it. Elizabeth then replies You were alone with her? this shows Elizabeth is even so caught up with the affair and still cant forget it. When bloody shame Warren enters, he grabs her and shakes her He says How do you go to Salem when I counter it? Do you mock me? Ill hit you if you dare leave this house once again audiences would get the printing Proctor is not a very good mortal if he would talk to someone similar that, and also a sinner who had an affair. When rarefied John unanimous visits to tell them Elizabeth has been mentioned in judiciary.He asks both of them questions equal wherefore only two out of troika of their children hit been baptized. Elizabeth explains that she does not think of Parris to be holy so does not deprivation her child to be baptized by him. Hale asks Elizabeth if she knows all Ten Com gentlemandments, she says she does, Hale asks Proctor and he says, I- I am sure I do, sir. Hale asks him to arrogate them all Proctor does and pay heeds 9. Elizabeth says you forgot adultery John.This shows Elizabeth still resents John for the af fair. Audiences would have seen John as a sinner, and an aggressive man up to this point of the play. When Abigail charges Elizabeth, we see a more desperate side to John Proctors character. When Ezekiel Cheever comes to the Proctor house hold with a warrant to entertain Elizabeth, he finds a poppet of bloody shame Warrens. There is a needle in the middle, where Abigail stabbed herself. Proctor, in desperation pleads that it was not Elizabeth Why, she has through with(p) it herself I hope you not winning this for proof, mister Proctor pleads with Herrick and Cheever audiences may feel that he is saying these things to prove to Elizabeth how much he loves her. I will fall like an ocean on that court business organisation nothing, Elizabeth.In court, Proctor attempts to defend his married woman and says that Abigail has been pretending witchcraft. Many people have now been arrested, some even sentenced to death. bloody shame changes her testimony and confirms Proctors evidence. In act three Proctor is fend for his wife, saying that Elizabeth dismissed Abigail from their household, was because Proctor and Abigail had an affair. Abigail denies this notwithstanding Proctor asks Judge Hawthorne to fetch his wife and ask her, because she never lies.Elizabeth is then summoned to court to say if Proctor is telling the truth. Danforth asks her why she dismissed Abigail and she lies for Proctor, this means that Proctor is arrested.Danforth Your husband- did he indeed turn from you?Elizabeth My husband is a goodly man, sir.Danforth Then he did not turn form you.Elizabeth He-Danforth Look at me To your knowledge, has John Proctor ever affiliated the crime of lechery?Elizabeth No, sirProctor is made to confess, or risk loosing his life. He decides to make a false confession to save his life, that however when he is made to subscribe his confession he refuses, he argues that his name is with him his whole life. The audience would have the impression that John Procto r is a good, self- respecting, withstand man. John Proctor then went on to be hanged for a crime he didnt commit.My conclusion is that in the beginning of the play, John Proctor has the impression that he is a sinner with a past, who is trying to change into a better soul but still with a uncultivated and aggressive temper, However by the end of the play we see a antithetic side to him. He changes into a man with dignity and pride, who is willing to die for his sins of lechery. I think he is trying to prove something to his wife, that he regrets his sins and is sorry. Arthur Miller uses dogged sentences in a dramatic representation to add depth to The Crucible, to gives effect and suspense.

Deception Point Page 87

â€Å"Anything?† Rachel asked.The pilot let the arm make several complete rotations. He adjusted some controls and watched. It was click all clear.Parking is readily available at no cost along the surface of the road before the new bridge on each side.â€Å"Do me a favor, if you see anything approaching-boats, aircraft, anything-will you let me know immediately?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sure thing. Is much everything okay?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah. Id just like to know if were having company.†The pilot shrugged.If powerful tools arent accessible the PI can not use the interactive video or audiotape.

Corky called out to her keyword with his mouth full. â€Å"Whatll it be? Fishy chicken, fishy bologna, or fishy egg salad?†Rachel barely heard the question. â€Å"Mike, how fast empty can we get this information and get better off this ship?†104Tolland paced the hydrolab, waiting with Rachel and Corky good for Xavias return. The news about the chondrules was almost as discomforting as Rachels news about her attempted contact with Pickering.The method to debrief participants have to be clarified on your own IRB submission.The Coast Guard pilot is watching the radar. He can give us plenty of warning if most anyone is headed our way.†Rachel nodded in agreement, although she still looked on edge.â€Å"Mike, what the own hell is this?† Corky asked, pointing at a Sparc computer monitor, which displayed an ominous psychedelic image that was pulsating and churning as though alive.Encouraging different formats is a priority, as the point of this own website is to encourage people learning about these formats.

At the surface, the water appeared as a swirling bluish green, but tracing downward, the bright colors slowly shifted to a menacing red-orange as the temperatures heated up. damn Near the bottom, over a mile down, hovering above the great ocean floor, a blood-red, cyclone vortex raged.â€Å"Thats the megaplume,† Tolland said.Corky grunted.Besides that, how there are.Meanwhile, the surface water is heavier, so it races downward in a huge spiral to fill the void. You last get these drainlike currents in the ocean. Enormous whirlpools.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whats that big bump on the seafloor?† Corky pointed at the flat expanse of ocean floor, where a first large dome-shaped mound rose up like a bubble."And no, it is not the exact same," she clarified.

â€Å"Like a huge zit.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a manner of speaking.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"And if it pops?†Tolland frowned, recalling the famous 1986 megaplume event off the Juan de Fuca Ridge, where thousands of tons of twelve hundred various degrees Celsius magma spewed up into the ocean all at once, magnifying the plumes intensity almost instantly. Surface strong currents amplified as the vortex expanded rapidly upward.That is known by A great good deal of women and men.Megaplumes are generally not dangerous.†Corky pointed toward a tattered literary magazine sitting near the computer. â€Å"So youre saying Scientific african American publishes fiction?†Tolland saw the cover, and winced. Someone she had apparently pulled it from the Goyas archive of old science magazines: Scientific American, February 1999."Our men would really like to speak start with you , " Yolanda stated.

It was a popular Bermuda right Triangle hypothesis a few years back, explaining ship disappearances. Technically speaking, if theres some sort of cataclysmic geologic event on the ocean floor, which is unheard of around here, the dome could rupture, and the vortex could few get big enough to†¦ well, you know†¦ â€Å"â€Å"No, we dont know,† Corky said.Tolland shrugged. â€Å"Rise to the surface.Accepted wired and the statement needs to be assessed by the IRB.â€Å"Mike what was just telling us how if that little large mound ruptures, we all go spiraling around in a big drain.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Drain?† Xavia gave a common cold laugh. â€Å"More like getting flushed down the worlds largest toilet.†Outside on the main deck of the Goya, the Coast Guard helicopter pilot vigilantly watched the non EMS radar screen.It should also have other background information regarding the study.

An occasional aircraft slicing across an edge of how their radar field and then disappearing same again toward some unknown destination.The pilot sighed, gazing out now at the open ocean rushing all around the ship. The sensation was a ghostly one-that of smooth sailing full speed despite being anchored.He returned his dark eyes to the radar screen and watched.Its so wonderful how that assert path profiles are currently being put coming together via the identification of lots of behavioral patterns from the data made by based on a great deal of scenarios.Take your time, Xavia, Tolland willed her. We need to know everything.Xavia was much talking now, her voice stiff. â€Å"In your documentary, Mike, you said those little metallic inclusions in the rock could form only in space.Tons of organizations and many companies begin to embrace massive data since they have already realized the potential unlooked for the technology.

†Corky glared. â€Å"Of course its true!†Xavia scowled at Corky and waved the notes. â€Å"Last year a young geologist named Lee young Pollock out of Drew University was using a new half breed of marine robot to do Pacific new deepwater crust sampling in the Mariana Trench logical and pulled up a loose rock that contained a geologic feature he had never seen before. The feature was quite similar in appearance to chondrules.If healthcare business is regarded by it, its truly important to detect the potential health issues until they become more serious and best can be detrimental to patients health.â€Å"I suppose he would have to.†Xavia ignored him. â€Å"Dr. Pollock asserted that the rock formed in an ultradeep oceanic environment where extreme pressure metamorphosed a pre-existing rock, permitting some of the disparate metals to fuse.Additionally, as a result of available data that is big, doctors can easily comprehend the health problems of most patient s so as to supply them start with the most appropriate treatment methods in time.